A power transformer is a static electrical device that transfers energy between circuits using electromagnetic induction, primarily to step up or step down voltage levels in transmission and distribution systems. It operates at a constant frequency and manages high voltage loads with high efficiency.
Working Principle
Electromagnetic Induction: An alternating current in the primary coil creates a changing magnetic field inside the iron core.
Voltage Conversion: This magnetic field induces a voltage in the secondary coil. The change in voltage depends on the number of turns in each coil.
No Frequency Change: The electrical energy changes voltage and current levels, but the frequency stays the same.
Main Parts
Core: Made of stacked steel sheets to guide the magnetic field with low loss.
Windings: Coils of copper or aluminum wire wrapped around the core (primary and secondary coils).
Insulation: Keeps the coils safe from short circuits and electrical contact.Cooling System: Uses oil or air to keep the transformer from overheating during heavy use.
